PP252
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND DIET QUALITY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH COW’S MILK PROTEIN ALLERGY
A. Gonzalez Ortiz1,*, I. Mendoza-Mayorga1, C. Ayala-Galván1, B. Loera-Barba1, F. González-Zamora1, B. Pérez-Guillé1, S. E. Espinosa-Padilla2, F. López-Bautista3
1Translationa Research Center, 2Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, 3Subdirección de investigación clínica, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CANCEROLOGIA, Mexico City, Mexico
Rationale: Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) requires strict dairy avoidance, which may impact dietary intake and nutritional status; therefore, assessing its relationship with diet quality is essential. Objective: To evaluate the association between nutritional-status and diet-quality in pediatric patients with CMPA.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 103 children under 18 years with CMPA. Nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric Z-scores, and diet quality was assessed with age-specific indices. Food security was measured using the EMSA scale, and socioeconomic data were collected via questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, with analyses stratified by age (≤2 vs >2 years). Logistic regression and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify dietary patterns and their associations with nutritional outcomes.
Results: Malnutrition prevalence was 33% (n=34), mostly mild. About 30% were ≤2 years (n=30), of whom 43% had malnutrition. In this group, malnutrition was associated with lower body-weight, no differences in linear-growth. Among children >2 years (n=73), malnutrition was also linked to lower body weight. Good diet quality was characterized by lower intake of ultra-processed foods and dairy. PCA identified four patterns: (1) ultra-processed foods; (2) animal meat and snacks with low fruit; (3) high fruit with low dairy; and (4) eggs and cereals. Pattern 2 was inversely associated with malnutrition and food insecurity and was more common in lower-income households.
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Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition among children with CMPA is high, particularly in those under two years of age. Both nutritional status and diet quality are influenced by multiple factors. Dietary patterns characterized by higher vegetable intake and lower consumption of dairy products and ultra-processed foods are associated with better diet quality.
Disclosure of Interest: None declared