P261 - PLANT- VS. ANIMAL-BASED PROTEIN COMPARISON IN THE AGING PROCESS AND ITS ROLE IN PERIOPERATIVE MEDICINE AND CRITICAL CARE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

P261

PLANT- VS. ANIMAL-BASED PROTEIN COMPARISON IN THE AGING PROCESS AND ITS ROLE IN PERIOPERATIVE MEDICINE AND CRITICAL CARE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

C. I. M. Dalem Sukawati^1,*

¹Clinical Nutrition Department, Udayana University/Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia

Rationale: Aging is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. Protein sources have become key modulators of aging and perioperative outcomes. Plant-based proteins, rich in polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals, may promote favorable epigenetic changes and help preserve telomere length. In contrast, red and processed meats have been associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.

Methods: In this narrative review, we systematically integrated data from clinical studies and experimental research to examine the effects of protein source on aging, perioperative outcomes, and critical care nutrition. The literature was scrutinized for assessments of muscle preservation, inflammatory modulation, and metabolic responses in relation to both plant- and animal-derived proteins, with special attention to nutrient bioavailability and supplementary bioactive compounds.

Results: Diets emphasizing plant-based proteins were linked to reduced inflammation and better muscle maintenance, potentially improving recovery in perioperative and critically ill patients. High intake of red and processed meats was associated with oxidative damage and pro-aging epigenetic markers. In contrast, moderate consumption of lean animal proteins, such as fish and low-fat dairy, may provide metabolic benefits without harmful effects.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the potential of a tailored nutritional approach that utilizes primarily plant-based proteins, supplemented by select lean animal proteins, to optimize inflammation profiles, preserve telomere integrity, and improve perioperative and ICU outcomes. Further research is needed to fine-tune protein integration strategies that maximize benefits for longevity and clinical recovery.

Disclosure of Interest: None declared