LB108 - NUTRITIONAL MODIFICATION IN PROSTATE CANCER: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF DIETARY FACTORS IN RISK AND PROGRESSION

LB108

NUTRITIONAL MODIFICATION IN PROSTATE CANCER: A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF DIETARY FACTORS IN RISK AND PROGRESSION

A. A. Souroujon¹, O. A. Gomez-Santamaría^1,*, V. Sundaresan², M. Leapman², M. Casilla-Lennon²

¹ Center for Research in Health Sciences (CICSA), Faculty of Health Scieces Anahuac University , Mexico City, Mexico, ²Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States

Rationale: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among men globally. Despite advances in management, mortality rates have not declined significantly. Nutritional interventions offer a promising, modifiable strategy to influence prostate cancer risk and progression; however, current dietary guidelines remain vague.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive narrative review of over 150 studies, including randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and large-scale cohort studies, to evaluate dietary components associated with PCa incidence, progression, and mortality. Topics included macronutrients, micronutrients, phytochemicals, and cooking methods.

Results: Evidence suggests that low-carbohydrate diets, particularly those that reduce simple sugars, may slow PCa progression. High fish intake and soy products show protective effects, while high intake of red meat, whole milk, and processed proteins may increase risk. Cooking methods at high temperatures generate carcinogens associated with PCa. Fat quality is key: omega-3 fatty acids show protective effects, while saturated and omega-6 fats may elevate risk. Cruciferous vegetables reduce PCa risk and progression. Among vitamins and minerals, lycopene, vitamin K2, and moderate vitamin E show potential benefits, whereas excess intake of folic acid, calcium (from dairy), and selenium may increase risk. Other micronutrients remain mixed.

Conclusion: Diet modification represents an accessible and cost-effective strategy for reducing PCa incidence, progression, and mortality in certain contexts. Patients benefit most from diets low in simple carbohydrates, dairy, and saturated fats, while increasing their intake of cruciferous vegetables, fish, and avoiding unnecessary micronutrient supplementation. Further high-quality clinical trials are needed to strengthen the evidence and to form more specific dietary guidelines.

Disclosure of Interest: None declared