P246 - CORRELATION BETWEEN FIBER AND FATS WITH HEALTH MARKERS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES: A 12-MONTH MEDITERRANEAN-DASH VS. ULTRA-PROCESSED DIET STUDY

P246

CORRELATION BETWEEN FIBER AND FATS WITH HEALTH MARKERS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES: A 12-MONTH MEDITERRANEAN-DASH VS. ULTRA-PROCESSED DIET STUDY

T. P. MINARI^1,*, V. V. de Rosso¹, L. H. B. Tácito ², A. C. Pires ², L. N. Cosenso-Martin ², J. C. Yugar-Toledo ³, H. Moreno⁴, J. F. Vilela-martin ³, L. P. Pisani¹

¹Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, ²Endocrinology, ³Hypertension, State Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, ⁴Hypertension, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil

Rationale: The optimal diet for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains debated. This study aimed to evaluate dietary composition in T2D patients over a 12-month intervention, and to examine the correlation between diet and laboratory markers.

Methods: 84 participants were divided into two groups: (1) an intervention group followed a Mediterranean-DASH diet for 12 months; (2) a control group made no dietary changes. Parametric variables were analyzed using independent t-tests, while non-parametric variables were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation or median ± interquartile range. Pearson's tests were used for correlation analysis, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Both groups initially consumed high amounts of ultra-processed foods (high in carbohydrates, fats, and low in fiber). By the 12th visit, the intervention group improved diet quality, while the control group's diet quality worsened (p < 0.05). The intervention group also showed improvements in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) at the 12th month (p < 0.05). At baseline, a positive correlation between trans fat intake and LDL-C was observed in the control group (r = 0.773, p = 0.009). A positive correlation between total fat intake and HbA1c was observed in the intervention group (r = 0.917, p = 0.002). At 12 months, the intervention group showed a negative correlation between fiber intake and HbA1c (r = -0.748, p = 0.017).

Conclusion: The Mediterranean-DASH diet improved laboratory markers in T2D over 12 months, while the ultra-processed diet led to a decline in these parameters. High trans fat intake may be correlated with elevated LDL-C, total fat intake with high HbA1c, and fiber intake with low HbA1c. Further clinical trials are needed as these associations do not establish causality.

Disclosure of Interest: None declared