PP231
SARCOPENIA, MALNUTRITION AND FRAIL SYNDROME IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS
W. Zhong1,*, C. Liu1, Q. Wang2, J. Yu1
1Department of General Surgery, 2Department of Geriatric Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Rationale: Sarcopenia, malnutrition, and frailty (SMF) are closely related clinical states with overlapping mechanisms, which can be conceptualized and managed as a triad. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors affecting this triad based on comprehensive geriatric assessments
Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study recruited community-dwelling adults aged≥65. Data collection included a comprehensive geriatric assessment and 3-day diet diary. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using AWGS 2019 criteria, malnutrition was assessed via GLIM criteria, and frailty was evaluated using the FRAIL scale. The LightGBM machine learning with SHAP values were performed to interpret risk factors
Results: A total of 570 participants were included, with 260 (45.6%) diagnosed with at least one condition (SMF group). Prevalence rates were 27.4% for frailty, 25.1% for sarcopenia, and 8.9% for malnutrition. Compared to the normal group, the SMF group exhibited significantly higher age and lower BMI, alongside higher rates of multiple comorbidities, decreased appetite, depression, anxiety, and insomnia (all P<0.05). Furthermore, the SMF group demonstrated significantly lower intakes of total calories, water, protein, carbohydrates, and niacin (all P<0.05). The SHAP analysis identified lower BMI as the most significant global risk factor for the overall triad. In terms of dietary patterns, the machine learning model highlighted that insufficient intake of carbohydrates and specific micronutrients, such as niacin, vitamin B2, and cholesterol, strongly contributed to the occurrence of the triad
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Conclusion: Sarcopenia, malnutrition, and frailty are highly prevalent among older adults. Routine screening should prioritize individuals exhibiting low BMI, multimorbidity, and anorexia. Beyond ensuring adequate macronutrient energy, targeted interventions for antioxidant micronutrients are crucial
Disclosure of Interest: None declared